AASHTO T191-14 pdf free download

AASHTO T191-14 pdf free download.Density of Soil In-Place by the Sand-Cone Method.
SCOPE
1.1. This method is intended for determining the in-place density of soils. The apparatus described
herein is restricted to tests in soils containing particles not larger than 50 mm (2 in.) in diameter.
1 .2. The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: For the purposes of determining conformance with these specifications, an observed value shall be rounded off to ‘the nearest unit” in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, in accordance with the rounding-off method of ASTM E29.
2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
2.1. AASHTO Standards:
• M 231, Weighing Devices Used in the Testing of Materials
• T 19M/T 19, Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
• T 99, Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 2.5-kg (5.5-Ib) Rammer and a 305-mm
(12-in.) Drop
• T 217, Determination of Moisture in Soils by Means of a Calcium Carbide Gas Pressure
Moisture Tester
• T 265, Laboratory Determination of Moisture Content of Soils
2.2. ASTM Standards:
• D4643, Standard Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil by
Microwave Oven Heating
• D4959, Standard Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil By
Direct Heating
• E29, Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance
with Specifications
3.2. Calibration C’ontainer—A sturdy cylindrical container of known volume (V). The container shall be dimensionally approximate to the largest test hole that will be dug. The container shall be calibrated according to T 19M/T 19.
Note 1—The internal diameter of the container shall be equal to or slightly less than the diameter of the opening of the base plate used with the sand-cone. The 944-cm3 (1/30-ft3) and 2830-cm3
I 3
(/1333-ft ) molds specified in T 99 and T 180 are suitable.
3.3. Sand—Any clean, dry, free-flowing, uncemented sand having few, if any, particles passing the
0.075-mm or retained on the 2.00-mm sieves. In selecting a sand for use, several bulk density determinations should be made using the same representative sample for each determination. To be acceptable, the sand shall not have a variation in bulk density greater than 1 percent.
3.4. Balances—A balance conforming to the requirements of M 23 1, Class G 20. Also, a balance conforming to the requirements of M 231, Class G 2.
3.5. Drying Equiptnent—Stovc or oven or other suitable equipment for drying moisture content samples.
3.6. Miscellaneous Equipment—Small pick. chisels, or spoons for digging test hole; 254 mm (10 in.) frying pan or any suitable container for drying moisture samples; buckets with lids, canvas sacks, or other suitable containers for retaining the density sample, moisture sample, or density sand, respectively; small paintbrush, slide rule, and notebook.
4. CONE CORRECTION AND BULK DENSITY FACTORS
4.1. Filling the appara1us:
4.1.1. Fill the apparatus with sand that is dried and conditioned to the same state anticipated during testing.
Note 2—The apparatus may be filled either with or without the metal funnel being attached. The funnel may be removed and reattached as needed in order to fill the apparatus with the funnel detached.
4.1.2. Determine and record the mass of the apparatus filled with sand (in1).
4.2. Determine the mass of sand required to fill the funnel and base plate (cone correction).
4.2.1. Place the base plate on a clean, level, plane surface. Invert the sand-cone filled with sand and seat the funnel in the recess of the base plate.
4.2.2. Open the valve fully, and allow the sand to flow until it stops (Note 2).
4.2.3. Close the valve sharply, remove the apparatus, and determine the mass of the apparatus and the remaining sand (in2).
4.2.4. The mass of sand required to fill the cone and base plate is calculated by the difference between the initial mass (Step 4. 1.3) and final mass (Step 4.2.3). Record this mass as the cone correction (C = in1 — ni,). (See Section 4.4.)
4.3. Determine the bulk density of sand (D8) to be used in the field test.AASHTO T191-14 pdf download.