AASHTO M230-98 pdf free download

AASHTO M230-98 pdf free download.Extruded Foam Board (Polystyrene).
1.SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers extruded expanded polystyrene board used for lightweight fill or highway pavement insulation applications. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. ASTM Standards: C 177, Steady State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus C 272, Water Absorption of Core Materials for Structural Sandwich Constructions C 303, Density of Preformed Block-Type Thermal Insulation C 518, Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus C 578, Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene Thermal Insulation D 1621, Compressive Properties of Rigid Cellular Plastics D 1622, Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular Plastics D 2863, Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)
3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1. The expanded polystyrene board shall be formed by the expansion of polystyrene base resin in an extrusion process. The board shall be homogeneous and shall consist of a continuum of closed cells. 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1. The board shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1 when tested by the procedures specified in Section 5. 4.2. Design data should specify both the required compressive strength and thickness. (Normal manufacturing processes and distribution systems allow for 105 kPa, 170 kPa, 275 kPa, 415 kPa, and 690 kPa boards. Boards are manufactured based upon need, with 275 kPa board normally used as insulation for AASHTO’s axle loadings of 98 kN.)5. DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES 5.1. Normally, extruded polystyrene foam boards shall be either 610 by 2440 mm or 1220 by 2440 mm with the thickness being specified by the user. 5.2. The permissible variations from the ordered dimensions shall be as follows (ASTM C 578): 5.2.1. Length土0.8 mm per 305 mm of Length, 5.2.2. Width土1.6 mm per 305 mm of Width, 5.2.3. Thickness土1.6 mm per 25 mm of Thickness (Note 1). Note 1- _When used for insulation, the thickness of board used shall be based upon heat flow theory and local conditions.6. METHODS OF TESTING 6.1. The physical properties enumerated in this specification shall be determined in accordance with the following methods of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM): 6.1.1. Compressive Strength- ASTM D 1621, Procedure A, except that the compressive strength shall be determined when the specimen is compressed five percent of measured thickness or at the first major load deviation, whichever comes first. A major load deviation shall be that point on the stress-strain curve where the stress load drops significantly below the normal stress fluctuation characteristic of the material under test (Note 2). Note 2- Construction requirements should specify a smooth surface upon which the board is to be placed to prevent point loadings, wooden skewers or piles of non-frost susceptible sand or gravel used to hold the boards from“separating” or“shoving” during covering, and a minimum of 250 mm of granular material above the insulation for“stress absorption” or prevention of crushing of the insulation by construction traffic. An on-site test with the proposed methods of construction including layer thickness and construction equipment is recommended to insure that there is no separation of the boards nor crushing of the insulation. The potential for differential icing should be taken into consideration when selecting the depth of cover over the extruded foam board.AASHTO M230-98 pdf download.