AASHTO T191-02 pdf free download
AASHTO T191-02 pdf free download.Density of Soil In-Place by the Sand-Cone Method.
3.2. CaIihraiio,i C’o,,iai,wr—A sturdy cylindrical container of known volume (Vt). The container shall be dimensionally approximate to the largest test hole that will he dug. The container shall be calibrated according toT 19M/T 19.
Note 1—The internal diameter of the container shall be equal to or slightly less than the diameter of the opening of the base plate used with the sand-cone.
3.3. Sand—Any clean, dry, free-flowing, uncemented sand having few, if any, particles passing the
0.075-mm or retained on the 2.00-mm sieves. In selecting a sand for use, several hulk density determinations should be made using the same representative sample for each determination. To he acceptable the sand shall not have a variation in bulk density greater than 1 percent.
3.4. Balances—A balance conforming to the requirements of M 231, Class G 20. Also, a balance conforming to the requirements of M 231, Class G 2.
3.5. Drying Equipment—Stove or oven or other suitable equipment for drying moisture content samples.
3.6. Miscellaneous Equipment—Small pick. chisels, or spoons for digging test hole: 254 mm (10 in.) frying pan or any suitable container for drying moisture samples; buckets with lids, canvas sacks, or other suitable containers for retaining the density sample. moisture sample, or density sand, respectively: small paintbrush, slide rule, and notebook.
CONE CORRECTION AND BULK DENSITY FACTORS
Filling the apparatus:
4.1.1. Place the empty apparatus upright on a firm, level surface, close the valve, and fill the funnel with sand.
4.1 .2. Open the valve and keep the funnel at least half full with sand during filling. When the sand stops flowing into the apparatus, close the valve sharply and empty the excess sand (Note 2).
Note 2—Vibration of the sand during any mass-volume determination may increase the bulk density of the sand and decrease the accuracy of the determination. Appreciable time intervals between the bulk density determination of the sand and its use in the field may result in change in the bulk density caused by a change in the moisture content or effective gradation.
4.1.3. Determine and record the mass of the apparatus filled with sand (“‘i).
4.2. Determine the mass of sand required to fill the funnel and base plate (cone correction).
4.2.1. Place the base plate on a clean, level, plane surface. Invert the sand-cone filled with sand and seat the funnel in the recess of the base plate.
4.2.2. Open the valve fully, allow the sand to flow until the sand stops tiowing (Note 2).
4.2.3. Close the valve sharply, remove the apparatus, and determine the mass of the apparatus and the remaining sand (2).
4.2.4. The mass of sand required to fill the cone and base plate is calculated by the difference between the initial mass (Step 4.1.3) and final mass (Step 4.2.3). Record this mass as the cone correction (c = in1 — i;:) (Note 3).
Note 3—For each container/bag of sand there will be a unique cone correction and sand calibration factor. Each sand-cone and matched base plate will also have a set of unique cone corrections and bulk sand densities. If more than one sand-cone apparatus is available, the sand- cone and base plate should be marked and the associated correction/density factors recorded.
4.3. Determine the bulk density of sand (DB) to be used in the field test.
4.3.1. Replace the sand removed in the funnel determination according to Section 4.1, close the valve, and determine the mass of the apparatus and sand (mi).
4.3.2. Position the calibration container on a clean, level, plane surface. Place the base plate on the calibration container (Note I). Invert the apparatus and seat the funnel in the recess of the base plate.
4.3.3. Open the valve fully and keep open until the sand stops flowing (Note 2).AASHTO T191-02 pdf download.
